Izixhobo zoMatshini zanamhlanje
Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwesinyithi zihlala ziyindlela esebenzayo yokuvelisa imveliso enikeziweyo, nangona kunjalo, umntu ufuna izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zanamhlanje ukufezekisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokuchaneka kunye nokufana. Ukwenza njalo, izixhobo zomatshini zingasetyenziselwa ukususa ngokukhethiweyo okanye ukugqiba isiqwenga sesinyithi okanye imveliso esekwe kwintsimbi. Izixhobo zoomatshini banamhlanje ngokwesiko zinikwa amandla ngombane; I-automation eyongezelelweyo yenkqubo yomatshini inokufezekiswa ngokuqesha isixhobo somatshini we-CNC, ekhokelwa yiprogram yekhompyutha. Olona ncedo luphambili lwezixhobo zoomatshini bale mihla kukufana okungaqhelekanga abakwenzayo xa besenza iimveliso ezininzi ezineeparamitha ezifanayo kunye neemfuno. Izixhobo ezininzi zoomatshini bezi mini ziluphuculo nje lwezixhobo zoomatshini eziye zabakho kangangeenkulungwane. Olunye uyilo olutsha lunokwenzeka ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yeteknoloji.
Izixhobo zale mihla ezisetyenziswa kwiMveliso
Namhlanje, ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zomatshini kunye nezixhobo zokwenza isinyithi zinokubekwa kwezi ndidi zilandelayo:
IiLathes
Oomatshini bokwemba
Oomatshini bokugaya
Oomatshini bokuhlamba
Oomatshini bokuhomba
Iimilo zeegiya
Oomatshini bokucwangcisa
Oomatshini bokugaya
Oomatshini bokucoca
I-lathe iqukethe i-workpiece-piece ejikelezayo apho into esebenzayo (kule meko, isinyithi) ibekwe-isiphumo sisimo esilinganayo kunye nesicatshulwa esithile semveliso. Njengoko imveliso ijikeleza, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukusika, i-knurl, i-drill okanye enye indlela yokuguqula isinyithi. Ukukhuhlana kokujikeleza kubangela ukubonelela ngendlela elula yokuzisa isiphumo esifanayo kumjikelezo wonke wento, ukwenza iileyile zibe lukhetho olulungileyo lweemveliso ezilinganayo kwi-axis yokujikeleza. Iileyile ziyahluka ngobukhulu, kunye neyona nguqulelo incinci iphathwa ngesandla esetyenziselwa ubucwebe kunye nokwenza iiwotshi.
Oomatshini bokwemba, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-drill presses, iqulethe i-drill esisigxina exhonywe okanye ebotshwe kwi-stand okanye i-workbench. Oomatshini bokucoca be-drill basetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo ne-handheld kunye ne-power drills, nangona kunjalo, imo emileyo yokushicilela i-drill ifuna umgudu omncinci ukuphumeza ukugrumba okufanelekileyo kwaye izinzile kakhulu. Izinto ezifana ne-angle ye-drill spindle inokulungiswa kwaye igcinwe ukuvumela ukuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuqhubekayo. Iindidi zale mihla zoomatshini bokomba ziquka i- pedestal drills, i-bench drills, kunye ne-pillar drills.
Ngokufana noomatshini bokwemba,oomatshini bokungqushasebenzisa i-cutter ejikelezayo ezinzileyo ukuze umatshini wentsimbi, kodwa uvumele ukuguquguquka okungaphezulu ngokungezelela ukwenza ukusika emacaleni. Abanye oomatshini bokungqusha bale mihla banesixhobo sokusika esihambayo, ngelixa abanye benetafile eshukumayo eshukumayo malunga nesixhobo sokusika esimileyo ukugqiba isiphumo esifunekayo sokugqiba. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini bokugaya ziquka oomatshini bokugaya ngesandla, oomatshini bokungqusha, oomatshini bokugaya jikelele kunye noomatshini bokugaya jikelele. Zonke iintlobo zoomatshini bokugaya zifumaneka ngokuma ngokuthe nkqo nangokuthe tye.
Aumatshini wokuhombisaifana nomatshini wokugaya ukuba i-cutter ejikelezayo yenza isenzo sokusika, nangona kunjalo, bavumela ukunyakaza kwangaxeshanye kokubini komsiki kunye nemveliso eyenziwa ngoomatshini. Esi sikhundla sahlukileyo senza ukuba i-hobbing ilungele usetyenziso lwe-3D olufuna iiprofayili zamazinyo ezifanayo. Ukusika igiya sesinye sezona zicelo zixhaphakileyo koomatshini banamhlanje bokuhombisa.
Oomatshini bokuhomba, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-hones, ibandakanya ubukhulu becala elinye okanye ngaphezulu iingcebiso ezijikelezayo, ezithi, kumsebenzi wesinyithi, zandise imingxuma ibe yidayamitha echanekileyo kwaye iphucule umphezulu wokugqiba. Iindidi zoomatshini bokuhomba ziquka ukubanjwa ngesandla, ngesandla kunye nokuzenzekelayo. Iimveliso ezenziwe ngoncedo lwe-honing ziquka iisilinda ze-injini.
Ngelixa umatshini wokuhombisa usika amazinyo angaphandle egiya, anamhlanjeababumbi bezixhoboyenza amazinyo esixhobo sangaphakathi. Oku kufezwa kusetyenziswa i-reciprocating cutter ene-pitch efanayo nesixhobo esisikwayo. Iimilo zeegiya zanamhlanje zivumela ukonyuka kokuchaneka ngokuqesha ukuzibandakanya kwe-stroke yangaphambili kunye nokungagxothwa kwe-stroke ngasemva.
Abacwangcisioomatshini bokubumba ubukhulu obukhulu abahambisa imveliso yentsimbi yangempela ngokuchasene nokuhambisa indlela yokusika. Umphumo ufana nowomatshini wokungqusha, okwenza iiplani zilungele ukubumba umphezulu omde okanye osicaba. Oomatshini bokungqusha banamhlanje bongamile kunezicwangcisi kwiinkqubo ezininzi; kunjalo, abacwangcisi baseluncedo xa iikhomponenti ezinkulu kakhulu metal kufuna squaring off.
Iigrinderzizixhobo zangoku zobuchwephesha ezisebenzisa ivili elirhabaxa ukwenza imiphetho emihle okanye ukusikeka okungacacanga. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-grinder ethile, ivili eliqhekezayo okanye imveliso ishukunyiswa ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ukuze ifezekiseke into oyifunayo. Iindidi zokugaya ziquka iintsimbi zebhanti, i-bench grinders, i-cylindrical grinders, i-surface grinders, kunye ne-jig grinders.
Aumatshini wokuhlamba, okanye i-broach, isebenzisa iingongoma ezinde zokutshiza ukuze kusetyenziswe ukucheba okulandelelanayo kunye nokukhuhla kwizinto ezinikiweyo. Iibroche zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimilo ezingezizo ezijikelezayo eziphuma kwimingxuma esele ibethelwe ngaphambili kwintsimbi. Baphinde basike i-splines kunye neendlela eziphambili kwiigiya kunye neepulleys. I-Rotary broaches yicandelwana elikhethekileyo loomatshini bokubhobhoza, abasetyenziselwa kunye ne-lathe ukudala ukunyakaza okuthe tye kunye nokunyuka okuthe tye.
