Ngophuhliso lwamashishini afana nentsimbi kunye nentsimbi, imboni yepetrochemical, iinqanawa kunye namandla ombane, izakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo zivame ukuphuhlisa kwicala lemilinganiselo emikhulu, enkulu kunye neeparitha eziphezulu, kwaye ezinye zisasebenza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. i-cryogenic, imidiya eyingozi kunye nezinye iindawo ezingqongileyo.
Ke ngoko, iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo eziphantsi kwe-alloy-high-high-forth, i-medium-and high-alloy steels, iintsimbi ezinamandla kakhulu, kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy ziyasetyenziswa.Nangona kunjalo, ngokusetyenziswa kwala mabanga ensimbi kunye ne-alloys, ezininzi iingxaki ezintsha ziziswa kwimveliso ye-welding, phakathi kwazo eziqhelekileyo kwaye zinzima kakhulu ukuqhekeka kwe-welding.
Ukuqhekeka ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngexesha le-welding kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngexesha lokubeka okanye ukusebenza, okubizwa ngokuba yi-cracks kulibaziseka.Ngenxa yokuba iintanda ezinjalo azibonakali kwimveliso, iintanda ezinjalo ziyingozi ngakumbi.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentanda ezenziwe kwinkqubo ye-welding.Ngokophando lwangoku, ngokohlobo lweentanda, zinokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwezi ndidi zintlanu zilandelayo:
1. Ukuqhekeka okushushu
Ukuqhekeka okushushu kuveliswa kumaqondo aphezulu ngexesha le-welding, ngoko kuthiwa yi-cracks eshushu.Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo zetsimbi eziza kuxutywa, imilo, ububanzi beqondo lokushisa kunye nezizathu eziphambili zokuqhekeka okutshisa okuvelisiweyo nazo zihluke.Ngoko ke, ukutshitshiswa okutshisayo kuhlulwe kwiindidi ezintathu: i-crystallization cracks, i-liquefaction cracks kunye ne-polygonal cracks.
1. Iintanda zekristale
Kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-crystallization, ifilimu yolwelo eyenziwe ngumthamo ophantsi we-eutectic yenza buthathaka uxhulumaniso phakathi kweenkozo, kwaye ukuqhekeka kwenzeka phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwe-tensile.
Iyenzeka kakhulu kwi-welds ye-carbon steel kunye ne-low-alloy iron enokungcola okungaphezulu (umxholo ophezulu wesulfure, i-phosphorus, isinyithi, i-carbon, kunye ne-silicon) kunye ne-welds ye-single-phase austenitic steel, i-alloys-based alloys kunye nezinye i-aluminium alloys. phakathi.Kwiimeko zomntu ngamnye, ukuqhekeka kwekristale kunokwenzeka nakwindawo echaphazelekayo kubushushu.
2. Ubushushu obuphezulu be-liquefaction crack
Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sobushushu obuphezulu bomjikelezo we-welding we-thermal, ukuchithwa kwakhona kwenzeka phakathi kwendawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa kunye neengqimba ze-welding multi-layer, kunye nokuqhekeka kuveliswa phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo.
Iyenzeka kakhulu kwiintsimbi zokuqina okuphezulu okuqulethe i-chromium kunye ne-nickel, iintsimbi ze-austenitic, kunye nezinye i-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel kwindawo ekufutshane ye-seam okanye phakathi kwe-welds ye-multi-layer welds.Xa umxholo wesulfure, i-phosphorus kunye ne-silicon carbon kwisiseko sesinyithi kunye ne-welding wire iphezulu, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwe-liquefaction kuya kwanda kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-18-2022